Character table for the C7v point group

C7v     E       2 C7    2 C7^2  2 C7^3  7 sv       <R> <p> <—d—> <——f——> <———g———> <————h————> <—————i—————> 
A1      1.0000  1.0000  1.0000  1.0000  1.0000     ... ..T ....T ......T ........T ..........T ............T
A2      1.0000  1.0000  1.0000  1.0000 -1.0000     ..T ... ..... ....... ......... ........... .............
E1      2.0000  1.2469 -0.4450 -1.8019  0.0000     TT. TT. ..TT. ....TT. ......TT. ........TT. TT........TT.
E2      2.0000 -0.4450 -1.8019  1.2469  0.0000     ... ... TT... ..TT... ....TT... TT....TT... ..TT....TT...
E3      2.0000 -1.8019  1.2469 -0.4450  0.0000     ... ... ..... TT..... TTTT..... ..TTTT..... ....TTTT.....

 Irrational character values:  1.246979603717 = 2*cos(2*π/7)
                              -0.445041867913 = 2*cos(4*π/7)
                              -1.801937735805 = 2*cos(6*π/7)



 Symmetry of Rotations and Cartesian products

A1   p+d+f+g+h+i+2j+2k+2l+2m     z, z2, z3, z4, z5, z6 
A2   R+j+k+l+m                   Rz 
E1   R+p+d+f+g+h+2i+2j+3k+3l+3m  {Rx, Ry}, {x, y}, {xz, yz}, {xz2, yz2}, {xz3, yz3}, {xz4, yz4}, {x2(x2−3y2)2y2(3x2y2)2, xy(x2−3y2)(3x2y2)}, {xz5, yz5} 
E2   d+f+g+2h+2i+2j+2k+3l+3m     {x2y2, xy}, {z(x2y2), xyz}, {z2(x2y2), xyz2}, {x(x2−(5+2√5)y2)(x2−(5−2√5)y2), y((5+2√5)x2y2)((5−2√5)x2y2)}, {z3(x2y2), xyz3}, {xz(x2−(5+2√5)y2)(x2−(5−2√5)y2), yz((5+2√5)x2y2)((5−2√5)x2y2)}, {z4(x2y2), xyz4} 
E3   f+2g+2h+2i+2j+2k+2l+3m      {x(x2−3y2), y(3x2y2)}, {(x2y2)2−4x2y2, xy(x2y2)}, {xz(x2−3y2), yz(3x2y2)}, {z((x2y2)2−4x2y2), xyz(x2y2)}, {xz2(x2−3y2), yz2(3x2y2)}, {z2((x2y2)2−4x2y2), xyz2(x2y2)}, {xz3(x2−3y2), yz3(3x2y2)} 

 Notes:

    α  The order of the C7v point group is 14, and the order of the principal axis (C7) is 7. The group has 5 irreducible representations.

    β  The C7v point group is isomorphic to D7.

    γ  The C7v point group is generated by two symmetry elements, C7 and any σv.
       Also, the group may be generated from any two σv planes.

    δ  The group contains one set of symmetry planes σv intersecting in the principal (z) axis. The xz plane (but not the yz plane) is a member of that set.

    ε  The lowest nonvanishing multipole moment in C7v is 2 (dipole moment).

    ζ  This point group is non-Abelian (some symmetry operations are not commutative).
       Therefore, the character table contains multi-membered classes and degenerate irreducible representations.

    η  Some of the characters in the table are irrational because the order of the principal axis is neither 1,2,3,4 nor 6.
       These irrational values can be expressed as cosine values, or as solutions of algebraic equations with a leading coefficient of 1.
       All characters are algebraic integers of a degree just less than half the order of the principal axis.

    θ  The point group corresponds to a polygon inconstructible by the classical means of ruler and compass. Yet it becomes constructible
       if angle trisection is allowed, e.g., with neusis construction or origami. This is because the order of the principal axis is given
       by a product of any number of different Pierpont primes (...,5,7,13,17,19,37,73,97,109,163,...) times arbitrary powers of two and three.

    ι  The regular heptagon is the lowest regular polygon that cannot be constructed by compass and ruler alone, which has mystified
       mathematicians since antiquity. The reason for the inconstructibility of the heptagon is that cos(2π/7) has an algebraic degree of 3 and
       thus can not be represented by square roots and integer numbers. An algebraic representation becomes possible if cubic roots and complex numbers
       are used: 2*cos(2π/7) = (328+i*84*√3 + 328−i*84*√3 − 2)/6. This complex expression for a real value is hardly useful.

This Character Table for the C7v point group was created by Gernot Katzer.

For other groups and some explanations, see the Main Page.